Experimental and Theoretical Nuclear Physics
Zeinab Sadat Imani; Omidreza Kakuee; Yavar Taghipour Azar; Amir Abbas Sabouri Dodaran
Abstract
The production of light, energetic and low-flux ions as a secondary beam caused by nuclear reaction can be used in various branches of nuclear physics. Due to the limited availability of energy in small laboratories equipped with electrostatic accelerators, accessing energetic light particles is crucial. ...
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The production of light, energetic and low-flux ions as a secondary beam caused by nuclear reaction can be used in various branches of nuclear physics. Due to the limited availability of energy in small laboratories equipped with electrostatic accelerators, accessing energetic light particles is crucial. For this purpose, selected nuclear reactions were introduced. In this research, primary proton, deuterium and helium-3 beams with energy less than 2 MeV were used for samples with a thickness of 1019 atom.cm-2 and the yield of reactions was obtained. The laboratory setup was designed in such a way that in addition to the access to the nuclear reaction products with a suitable yield, favorable conditions were provided for the extraction and transfer of the reaction products as well as their interaction with the sample. In these exothermic nuclear reactions, the yield is in the order of 106 particles and secondary proton and alpha particles with energies of 4 to18.5 MeV have been obtained. Also, the selected reactions are in accordance with the radiation protection protocols of similar laboratories.
Nuclear Reactor science and Technology
Ehsan Boustani
Abstract
Due to the diverse uses of research reactors compared to power reactors, a variety of safety aspects must be considered in their design and operation. On the other hand, due to the high age of a large percentage of these reactors, the need to update them in order to respond to the growing needs of today's ...
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Due to the diverse uses of research reactors compared to power reactors, a variety of safety aspects must be considered in their design and operation. On the other hand, due to the high age of a large percentage of these reactors, the need to update them in order to respond to the growing needs of today's society is inevitable. One of the items that increase the features in terms of proliferation, economy, usability, security and nuclear to meet the requirements of today's society is core conversion. The advantages and necessities of using new fuel in research reactors include the possibility of forming a more compact core, reducing operating costs, reducing security challenges, protection, environmental effects, transportation and end-of-cycle processes. In this study, the roadmap for research reactors core conversion is drawn considering all aspects of this issue which would be very useful for research reactor plan of any country especially our country.
Measurement of Radiation and Radioactivity
Alireza Goosheh; Seyed Mehdi Abtahi; Ahmad Akhound; Seied Rabi Mahdavi
Abstract
The Persistent development of quick and accessible readout tools promises to remove one of the barriers to the adoption of gel dosimetry as an applicable method in treatment clinics. Research and development in the imaging of polymer gel dosimeters continues with a focus on imaging in three dimensions. ...
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The Persistent development of quick and accessible readout tools promises to remove one of the barriers to the adoption of gel dosimetry as an applicable method in treatment clinics. Research and development in the imaging of polymer gel dosimeters continues with a focus on imaging in three dimensions. Each technique comes with its own set of advantages and challenges. In gel dosimeter research, efforts have been made to identify and develop alternative imaging methods for polymer gel dosimeters. Gel dosimeters can obtain reliable and accurate three-dimensional dose distributions from the correlation of different polymerization stages caused by radiation. The irradiated samples are examined using magnetic resonance imaging, optical computed tomography, and X-ray computed tomography. This research describes the basic features of imaging devices and the readout of irradiated dose data. Costs, availability, portability, contrast and resolution, high-resolution image reconstruction algorithm, and image reconstruction time of radiation absorption dosimeters for imaging devices are investigated in this research. This review has been done to present the mentioned imaging features and review the research done in this field for the optimal use of different imaging methods.
Measurement of Radiation and Radioactivity
Javad Karimi; Faezeh Rahmani; Bijan Jia
Abstract
Inverse beta decay (IBD) in plastic scintillators is one of the most commonly used methods for detecting reactor antineutrinos. Cosmic muon signals due to the IBD compared to those generated by antineutrinos are still the main challenge in these types of detectors. The IRAND (IRan ANtineutrino Detector) ...
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Inverse beta decay (IBD) in plastic scintillators is one of the most commonly used methods for detecting reactor antineutrinos. Cosmic muon signals due to the IBD compared to those generated by antineutrinos are still the main challenge in these types of detectors. The IRAND (IRan ANtineutrino Detector) is currently being designed and implemented with the constraint of reducing the required hardware, and at the same time, improving the antineutrino detection efficiency. Imbalanced classification is one of the software methods in machine learning that deals with imbalanced data, such as muon and antineutrino. Using the IRAND-Sim simulation package based on the Geant4 toolkit presented in our previous research, the spectra and angular distribution of antineutrinos and muons can be calculated. However, in this study, the memory management techniques to handle the dataset due to a large number of muons have been used, and also two separate methods have been used in the imbalanced classification for discriminating muon and antineutrino events. The results show that this approach by combining real and simulated data is very efficient, and the imbalanced nature can be reduced to achieve better classifier performance.
Measurement of Radiation and Radioactivity
Oluwanifesii Fatile; Samuel Oladele Ajayi; A.M. Arogunjo; S.E. Ibikunle
Abstract
While ionizing radiation plays a pivotal role in the precise diagnosis and treatment, it concurrently engenders risks, including an elevated incidence of cancer. The research speaks to the discernible decline in quality assurance programmes and dose measurement endeavors within Nigerian imaging facilities, ...
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While ionizing radiation plays a pivotal role in the precise diagnosis and treatment, it concurrently engenders risks, including an elevated incidence of cancer. The research speaks to the discernible decline in quality assurance programmes and dose measurement endeavors within Nigerian imaging facilities, with a substantial portion lacking established protocols for routine machine calibration and dose measurement. This study encompasses a large-scale survey involving 307 adult patients undergoing routine X-ray procedures in two hospitals in Nigeria. Thermo-luminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were used for measuring Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) of consenting adult patients. The mean ESD values ranged from 1.16 mGy to a maximum of 3.94 mGy. Notably, these values were predominantly below the dose reference levels (DRLs) established by reputable bodies such as NRPB, CEC, IAEA, and UK for most examinations. The main purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic reference level (DRL) for routine digital radiography examinations in Nigeria.